Engraving-machine.



FIG...1

No. 818,139 PATENTED APR.17, 1906- P. v. AVRIL. ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0017,1904.

4 SHEETSSHEET l 9 PATENTED APR. 1'7, 1906.

P. V. AVRIL. ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.7.1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 @Xhkmeww No. 818,189. PATENTED APR.17, 1906.

P. v. AVRIL. ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION FILED 0OT.7.1904.

\ 4 SHEETS-SHEET S.

mum- 111 FIGB.

PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

' P. V. AVRIL.

ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.7.1904.

4 SHEBTS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES PAUL VICTOR AVRIL, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ENGRAVlNG-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

Application filed October 7, 1904. Serial No. 227,574.

T0 01.7] 1071/0711 it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL VICTOR AVRIL, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Engravin -Machines, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates generally to auto matic engraving-machines, and asherein embodied is adapted for reproducing designs, design elements, orother figures, &c.,

in moire effects.

Heretofore two separate and distinct operations have been necessary inreproducing upon plates or cylinders designs in moire effects. In thefirst operation the ordinary groove-cutting machine is employed to cut aseries of equispaced grooves of uniform crosssection throughout thesurface area of the plate or cylinder, forming a ground upon which thedesign is subsequently produced. The second operation is then performedeither manually or by means of the automatic engraving-machine; and itconsists in varying the cross-sectional form of such grooves by cuttingaway the wall thereof as required at points throughout their length toproduce light and shade effects necessary for bringing out the figuresor elements of the design.

The present invention is designed to reduce the time, labor, and expenseinvolved in the production of such cylinders or plates by cutting theground and design with a single tool in the same operation. This isreadily accomplished by adjusting the tool manually or automaticallyWhile cutting the ground grooves to vary the crosssectional form thereofas above described.

For convenience in completing an operative illustration of my inventionas applied I have shown it in the accompanying drawings in connectionwith a machine substantially similar to that described in my pendingapplication, serially numbered 227,572, filed October 7, 1904, and Iwill therefore in this application give but a general description ofsuch mechanism, referring to the application mentioned for details ofconstruction. I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to eitherthe exact construction or arrangement of parts shown, as it will beobvious that various other mechanisms may be employed operating insubstantially the same 111211111161 to produce practically the same resut.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine. Fig. 2 is anenlarged detail view of a ratchet device by which the designcylinder andcylindrical blank are given a step-by-step rotary feed. Fig. 3 is afront view of the machine. Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view of theratchet-feed-device, taken on the line S S of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is anenlarged detail view of the engraving-tool and the slide, &c., uponwhich it is mounted, the tool being shown in connection with a portionof the blank upon which the design is reproduced. Fig. 6 is an end viewof the machine with portions broken away to show the relativearrangement of the tools and the cylinders with which they cooperate.Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail view showing the point of theengraving-tool in connection with a portion of the blank. Fig. 8 is anenlarged detail view of a portion of the blank, showing the cut orgroove made by the engravingtool. Fig. 9 is a view in diagram of thevarious circuits. Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view taken on the line SS of Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a detail side view of the engraving-tool, &c.,shown in Fig. 5, and Fig. 12 is a front view thereof.

Referring now to the drawings, 1 represents a cylinder, having upon itssurface the model or design to be reproduced, which may be cut, molded,or otherwise formed thereon either in intaglio or relief. The cylindermay be solid or hollow, and when hollow it is mounted in any suitablemanner upon a mandrel 2, secured to rotate in a lathe 3. A blank, in theform of a cylinder 4 of metal or other suitable material, upon thesurface of which the design is to be reproduced, is mounted in a secondlathe 5.

The lathes 3 and. 5 are driven from a shaft 6, mounted in bearings uponthe frame of the machine and belted, as indicated at 7, to a shaft 8.Electrically-operated clutches 9 and 10 upon a shaft 11 are drivencontinuously in opposite directions from shaft 8,through bevel-gearing13, as shown. The lead-screw 14 of the lathe 5 is geared to theclutch-shaft 11, as indicated at 15, and through the action ner to belater on described, the rotation of the lead-screw is periodicallyreversed. A carriage 16, connected in the usual manner to be thrown inor out of gear with the leadscrew, is fed back and forth lengthwise ofthe design and blank cylinders 1 and 4 as the roof the clutches 9 and 10controlled in a man- Y tation of the lead-screw is reversed through theaction of the clutches, as above described. A shaft 17, driven bywormearing 18 from the lead-screw, is connecte by a series of spur-gears19, to impart an oscillating movement to an arm 20 of a ratchet-feeddevice, (shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 4) by which the design and blankcylinders are given a stepby-step rotary feed.

As this device is fully described in Letters Patent of the United StatesNo. 711,273, granted to me October 14, 1902, a detail description of thesame is not herein deemed necessary. It suffices to say that itcomprises a ratchet-wheel 21, fast upon shaft 22, from which motion istransmitted through suitable gearing to the spindle of each of thelathes, and cooperating with the ratchetwheel 21 there is a pawl 23,spring-held in engagement therewith and carried by a member 24, which isgiven motion by the oscillating arm 20, above referred to. Thearrangement is such that on movement of the arm 20 in one direction thepawl 23 engages and rotates the ratchet-wheel 21, and through interposedgearing such motion imparted to the design and blank cylinders serves toadvance the same step by step, as required. Movement of the arm 20 inthe opposite direction causes the pawl to ride idly over the teeth ofthe ratchet-wheel without imparting motion thereto. Provision is madefor adjusting the device to vary the feed and by means of a lever 25,carrying one or more of the gears 19, the feed may be thrown in or outof action at will.

The shaft 22, upon which the ratchet-feed device is mounted, isconnected byspur-gears 26 to drive a shaft 27, and this shaft 27 is inturn connected by a train of gears 28 to drive a shaft 29. 'Motion fromshaft 27 is transmitted to the spindle of lathe 5, through worm-gearing30, and in a similar manner from shaft 29 to the spindle of lathe 3,through worm-gearing 31. By means of a lever 32, car rying one or moreof the gears of train 28, the lathe 3 may be thrown in or out of action.

Cooperating with the design-cylinder there is a traversing style33,carried by a pivoted arm 34, which is adjustable by means of verticaland cross slides 35 36 upon the lathe-carriage 16, and cooperating withthe cylindrical blank there is an engraving-tool 37, mounted upon across-slide 38 of the carriage 16. As both the traversing style andengraving tool are mounted upon the lathe-carriage, it

will be seen that the reversal of the feed periodically, as abovedescribed, will give the style and tool motion lengthwise of theirrespective cylinders. Normally the tool 37 is radially disposed to thecylindrical blank and lies in the horizontal plane of the axis thereof,as shown in Fig. 11. The tool is secured to a block or slide 40, movablein guides 41 of a sector 42, and is adjustable relatively to thecylindrical blank to vary the depth of cut, by means of a screw 43,which is threaded through a lug 44 of the sector.

Secured upon the cross-slide 38 there is a curved guide-plate 45, shapedto conform ap proximately to concentric arcs struck from the point ofthe tool as a center. The sector 42, carrying the engraving-tool, ismounted upon this guide so as to have a limited movement toward and fromthe cylinder, as shown in Fig. 5, in order that the tool may clear thesame on the back stroke thereof.

The point of the tool is preferably V- shaped and if given motionlengthwise of the blank when radially disposed thereto, as in Fig. 11,will cut a groove therein of symmetrical crosssectionthat is to say, agroove having its sides oppositely inclined at the same angle to theplane of the axis of the blank. This being the normal position of thetool, any number of such grooves may be cut in the blank and equispacedthrough the action of the ratchet device above described as controllingthe step-by-step rotary feed thereof.

When producing moire effects, the abovedescribed grooves form the groundsurrounding the figures of the design, and it will therefore be seenthat the tool must assume its normal position shown in Fig. 11 duringthe time the style is traversing the plain surface of thedesign-cylinder.

The effect of the style traversing a portion of the design is to causethe tool to assume positions at different angles to the horizontal planeof the axis of the cylindrical blank, and in being thus adjusted thetool moves about its point as a center. Referring again to Fig. 11, itwill be at once apparent that the slightest adustment of the tool fromthe position shown will change the cross-sectional form of the groovecut in the blank. This is clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7, in which theposition of the tool is such as to out a groove one side or wall ofwhich is practically horizontal, while the other is inclined to an angleof about sixty degrees.

The adjustment of the tool is controlled by the style through interposedmechanism, which I will now describe.

Pivoted upon an extension 46 of the guide 45 there is a gage-bar 47, tothe lower free end of which a spring 48 is attached, tending toyieldingly hold the bar in engagement with the cylindrical blank, thebar having a cut-away portion shaped to conform to the curved surface ofthe blank. The advance of the oint of the tool beyond the concaved edge0' this bar, as shown in Figs. 5 and 11, determines the depth of cut,the tool being adjustable relatively to the same by means of the screw43, above referred to, and move ment of the bar about its pivotal centertoward or away from the blank serves to carry the tool into or out ofengagement therewith,

' as will later on appear.

Free to turn about the pin 49, upon which the bar 47 is pivoted, thereis a bell-crank lever 50, and depending from the arm 51 of this leverthere are two links 52 52, the lower ends of which are pivotallyattached to the sector 42, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. A short link 53,extending parallel with the lever-arm 51, serves to connect one of thelinks 52 with the gage-bar 47. The arrangement is such as to form aparallelogram, the long sides of which are formed by the links 52 52 andthe short sides by the tool 37 upon the sector and the arm 51 of thebell-crank 50. When, therefore, motion is given the bellcrank, the toolconnected in parallel relation with the arm 51 thereof will be adjustedin an arc of a circle, the center of which coincides with the point ofthe tool. Motion is imparted to the bell-crank 50 from a crankshaft 54through a connecting-rod 55.

The crank-shaft is journaled in bearings upon the lathe-carriage, andloosely mounted upon this shaft there are two clutches 56 57, geared tobe continuously driven in opposite directions, as indicated. in Fig. 1,from shaft 8. These clutches are of the electromagnetic type and eachcoacts with a ring-arm ature 58, carried by a disk 59, of brass or othernon-magnetic metal, fast upon the crankshaft. A disk 60, of fiber orother nonconducting material secured upon the crankshaft and rotatingtherewith, serves as a support for contact-plates 61, 62, 63, and 64.The plates 61 and 62 are connected in circuit with the magnets of clutch56 and the plates 63 and 64 in circuit with the magnets of clutch 57.Cooperating with the plates 61 and 63 there is a pin or stud 65, carriedby the arm 34, upon which the style 33 is mounted. As this arm isvibrated through the action of the style in traversing the undulatingsurface of the design-cylinder the pin or stud 65 will contact withfirst one-and then the other of the plates 61 and 63, causing theclutches to act alternately upon the crankshaft 54, which results ingiving this shaft and the bell-crank lever 50, connected therewith, anirregular oscillating motion. As the engravingtool is maintained inparallel relation with the arm 51 of the bell-crank through the linkconnection described, its adjustment relatively to the blank willobviously follow. Assuming now, for example, that the style is movingover an upwardlyinclined portion of the design upon the cylinder 1, thearm 34, carried upward by the style, will cause the pin 65 to contactwith plate 63 and close the circuit through the clutch 57, which, asviewed in Fig. 6, rotates toward the left. The clutch-shaft in rotatingin the same direction will impart movement to the tool through theconnections described, causing it to swing upward, as indicated by thearrow in Fig. 6, the inclination of the tool relatively to thehorizontal plane of the axis of the blank varying in accordance with therise and fall of the style in traversing the undulating surface of thedesigncylinder. v

Coperating with the plates 62 and 64 there is a brush 66, connectedthrough a switch 67 with a source of current-supply 68. The switchcarries two sets of connectionsone set controlling current to theclutches 56 and 57 and the other set controlling current to the clutches9 and 10.

As shown in Fig. 9, the switch consists of two sectors 69 and 70, offiber or other nonconducting material, arranged one above the other andconnected to move together about a common pivot upon the carriage 16.These sectors have a limited movement between stops 71 71, &c., and aregiven motion by means of a lever 72, turning about the pin upon whichthe sectors are pivoted. The lever 72 is movable between two studs orproj ections 72 72" upon the upper sector and is arranged to be thrownby means of tripping devices 73 73, adjustably secured upon thelathe-bed. A spring 74 serves to quicken the action of the lever as itis thrown and also yieldingly holds the sectors as adjusted bymaintaining the lever in engagement with one or the other of the studs72.

Upon the upper sector two contact-plates 75 76 are secured andconnected, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 6, and the lowersector is provided with similar plates 77 and 78. These plates areconnected in circuit with the source of current-supply through thebrushes 79 80, wires 81 82, and a brush 83, depending from thelathe-carriage and movable therewith in contact with a bar 84, extndinglengthwise of the lathe-bed.

Cooperating with the plate 75 of the sector 69 there are two brushes 85and 86, connected, respectively, by wires 87 and 88 with the brush 66and pin 65, and co6perating with the plate 77 of sector 7 0 there aretwo brushes 89 and 90, connected with the magnets of clutches 9 and 10through wires 91 92, brushes 93 94, bars 95 96, wires 97 98, andcontact-rings 99 1.00 upon the clutchshaft.

A return connection is provided from the clutches 56 and 57 to thesource of currentsupply through the wire 101 and brush 102, dependingfrom the lathe-carriage and contacting with a bar 103. From the clutches9 and 10 there is a return-wire 104, which is connected direct with thebar 103.

During the cutting stroke of the tool or when the carriage is movingtoward the right, as viewed in Figs. 1 and 3, the switch 67 is adjustedas shown in Fig. 9, and in this position closes the circuit through thepin 65 upon the style-arm 34 and also through the i clutch 10 by whichthe lead-screw is rotated clutch is cut out and the circuit is closed ina direction to advance the carriage. As the travel of the carriage isordinarily limited to the length of the design upon the cylinder 1, thetrips 73 73 are set accordingly, and as the carriage reaches the end ofits travel toward the right and the switch is thrown the through theclutch 0 to reverse the feed. The pin upon the style-arm is also cut outand the circuit of clutch 57 is closed through the brush 66 andcontact-plate 64.

Under the action of the clutch 57 the crankshaft is rotated toward theleft, and this mo tion transmitted through the connections describedserves to swing the tool upward, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6, atsuch an angle as to require a very slight movement of the sector uponwhich the tool is mounted to cause the point thereof to clear the blank.

The rotation of the crank-shaft continues until the clutch 57 is cut outof circuit by the brush 66 in contacting with the peripheral surface ofthe disk 60, a portion of which is exposed between the adjoining ends ofthe plates 62 and 64 thereon, and thereupon the clutch ceases to act andthe tool is held as adjusted during the return of the carriage or whileit is moving toward the left.

As it is desirable that the tool should clear the blank on the backstroke, there is a rod and lever 106 interposed between the crank-shaft54 and the lower free end of the gage-bar 47, the arrangement being suchthat as the crank-shaft nears the limit of its movement in rotatingtoward the left, which is determined by the position of the brush 66upon the moving plate 64, motion will be imparted through the rod andlever, above referred to, to swing the gage-bar and tool connectedtherewith away from the cylinder, in which position it is maintainedduring the return of the carriage. In order to prevent a simlaradjustment by which the tool would be carried clear of the cylinder onthe cutting stroke thereof, the lever 106 and gage-bar are held normallyseparated by means of an adjustable wedge 107, which is interposedbetween the gage-bar and cylinder, as shown in Fig. 5, and by reason ofthis last motion there will be no engagement between the lever and barduring ordinary adjustment, such as is given the tool when controlled bythe style.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 9, I have shown two switches 108 109,controlling an electromagnetic clutch 110 upon the shaft 6, which isarranged to operate a belt-shifter 111, 00- operating with the belt 7,and stop the machine in the event of the driving-belt 11.2 of theclutches 56 57 breaking or running off its pulleys or when throughinattention the carriage is permitted to feed too far toward the right.As these devices are fully described in my applications above referredto, a detailed description is not herein deemed necessary.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. An automaticengravinganachine comprising means for supporting a blank, a toolcooperating therewith, a pivoted lever, connections between the tool andlever whereby they are movable in parallel relation, and means forgiving the lever motion to vary the angle of the tool relatively to theblank.

2. An automatic engraving-machine comprising means for supporting ablank, a tool cooperating therewith, a pivoted lever, interposed linksconnecting the lever and tool in parallel relation, and means for givingthe lever motion to vary the angle of the tool relatively to the blank.

3. An automatic engraving-machine comprising means for supporting ablank, a tool cooperating therewith, a gage-bar, a lever pivoted uponthe bar, interposed links connecting the lever and tool in parallelrelation, and means for giving the lever motion to vary the angle of thetool relatively to the blank.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

PAUL VICTOR AVRIL.

Witnesses:

J. E. PEARSON, FRANK OCoNNoR.

